How to Install a VPN on a Router (Step-by-Step + Firmware Notes)
Installing a VPN on a router is entirely hardware and firmware dependent because the router must be capable of running a VPN client inside its operating system. Most ISP-provided routers are locked down with limited CPUs, low RAM, tiny flash storage, and restricted firmware that simply does not include VPN support. Even many consumer routers have the hardware power but are blocked by the manufacturer’s firmware for cost, stability, or product-tiering reasons. Only routers with sufficiently powerful CPUs (preferably ARM or x86), enough memory, and either built-in VPN support (like ASUSWRT) or compatibility with custom firmware (OpenWrt, DD-WRT) can reliably run VPN software. In short: no open firmware + weak hardware = no router VPN, regardless of what the marketing says.
But what to do?
Well in my case I needed to go a different route, because my router comes from the ISP and while I can do a lot with it, I cannot install a system-wide VPN with it. So I instead have a docker container acting as my gateway, and routing all traffic through that instead. Small hack, yes, but relatively simple too. I actually have guides for installing a VPN in Docker on macOS and Windows machines if you want them, plus a guide on routing traffic via the containers here for Windows and here for MacOS.
Step 1: Check If Router Supports VPN
Most routers can’t run VPN client software.
- Consumer ISP routers (the one your internet company gives you) usually don’t support VPN installs.
- Aftermarket routers (like ASUS, Netgear, Linksys) often do.
- Check the router’s specs page or admin panel for “VPN Client” or “OpenVPN” options.
👉 If your router doesn’t support VPNs, you have two options:
- Buy a pre-configured VPN router (ExpressVPN and FlashRouters sell them ready-to-go). If you need a travel router that supports VPN.
- Install custom firmware (DD-WRT, Tomato, or OpenWrt) — this gives you advanced VPN support but requires more technical steps.
Step 2: Choose the Right VPN Protocol
Most providers give you configuration files. Popular options:
- OpenVPN – The most common and reliable option, supported by many routers.
- WireGuard – Newer, faster, supported by NordVPN and Surfshark on certain routers.
- IKEv2/IPSec – Sometimes supported but less common on routers.
Step 3: Log Into Your Router’s Admin Panel
- Open a browser and type your router’s IP address (often 192.168.0.1 or 192.168.1.1).
- Enter your admin username/password (check the back of the router if unsure).
Step 4: Upload VPN Configuration
This step varies by firmware:
🔹 ASUSWRT (ASUS routers)
- Go to Advanced Settings > VPN.
- Select VPN Client tab.
- Upload the .ovpn config file from your VPN provider.
- Enter your VPN username/password.
- Apply settings → connect.
🔹 Netgear / Linksys stock firmware
- Some newer models have a VPN Client option under Advanced > VPN.
- If not, you’ll need custom firmware like DD-WRT or Tomato.
�� DD-WRT (custom firmware)
- Go to Services > VPN.
- Enable OpenVPN Client.
- Paste in the config file details (server address, port, protocol).
- Enter credentials → save → reboot.
🔹 OpenWrt
- Install the OpenVPN or WireGuard package via the software manager.
- Upload config files via the web UI (LuCI).
- Apply and restart.
Step 5: Connect Devices
Once your router VPN is running:
- Every device connected via Wi-Fi or Ethernet (including Samsung Smart TVs) automatically uses the VPN.
- You can test by visiting whatismyip.com on any device.
Pros & Cons of Router VPN
✅ Protects all devices at once
✅ Great for Smart TVs, game consoles, IoT devices
✅ One login covers your whole household
⚠️ Can slow down speeds if router CPU is weak
⚠️ More complex setup than just installing an app
⚠️ Harder to change server locations (you must log back into the router)